What is the main focus of Operant Conditioning?

The primary focus of operant conditioning lies in modifying voluntary behavior through consequences. This psychological concept, developed by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes how behaviors can be influenced by the rewards or punishments that follow them. When a certain behavior is followed by a positive outcome, it is more likely to be repeated; conversely, if a behavior is followed by a negative outcome, it is less likely to occur. This process of reinforcement and punishment allows for behaviors to be shaped over time, showing a clear relationship between actions and their outcomes.

The other options illustrate areas that operant conditioning does not primarily aim to address. Diminishing involuntary behaviors pertains more to classical conditioning, where the focus is on associative learning rather than voluntary action. Increasing natural instincts is not a direct objective of operant conditioning, which specifically targets the modification of behaviors rather than innate tendencies. Training animals for service could utilize operant conditioning as a method but is not the main focus, as it encompasses a broader range of techniques beyond behavior modification through consequences.